1) on the basis type of missile or basis of Launch Mode
A) Conventional guided missile
💨 Air-to-air missile
A) Conventional guided missile
💨 Air-to-air missile
- An air-to-air missile (AAM) is a missile fired from an aircraft for the purpose of destroying another aircraft.
- AAMs are powered by one or more rocket motors, usually solid fueled but sometimes liquid fueled.
- Ramjet engines, as used on the missile, are emerging as propulsion that will enable future medium-range missiles to maintain higher average speed across their engagement envelope.
- Air-to-air missiles are broadly put in two groups
💣 Short range missile
💣 medium- or long-range missiles
- Those designed to engage opposing aircraft at ranges of less than 30 km are known as short-range or "within visual range" missiles (SRAAMs or WVRAAMs) and are sometimes called "dogfight
- medium- or long-range missiles (MRAAMs or LRAAMs), which both fall under the category of beyond visual range missiles (BVRAAMs), tend to rely upon radar guidance, of which there are many forms. Some modern ones use inertial guidance and/or "mid-course updates" to get the missile close enough to use an active homing sensor
💨 Air-to-surface missile
- air-to-surface missile (ASM) or air-to-ground missile (AGM) is a missile designed to be launched from military aircraft at targets on land or sea. There are also unpowered guided glide bombs not considered missiles.
- The two most common propulsion systems for air-to-surface missiles are rocket motors, usually with shorter range, and slower, longer-range jet engines. Some Soviet-designed air-to-surface missiles are powered by ramjets, giving them both long range and high speed.
- Guidance for air-to-surface missiles is via laser guidance, infrared guidance, optical guidance or via satellite guidance signals. The type of guidance depends on the type of target. Ships, for example, may be detected via passive radar or active radar homing, less effective against multiple, small, fast-moving land targets.
- An anti-radiation missile (ARM) is a missile designed to detect an enemy radio emission source.Typically, these are designed for use against an enemy radar, although jammers and even radios used for communications can also be targeted in this manner.
- It is designed primarily for suppression of enemy air defenses (SEAD), that can be launched from a range of altitudes for destroying enemy surveillance radars, tracking and communication systems
- An anti-ballistic missile (ABM) is a surface-to-air missile designed to counter ballistic missiles.
- Ballistic missiles are used to deliver nuclear, chemical, biological, or conventional warheads in a ballistic flight trajectory.
- The term "anti-ballistic missile" is a generic term conveying a system designed to intercept and destroy any type of ballistic threat
- However, it is commonly used for systems specifically designed to counter intercontinental ballistic missiles
- Anti-satellite weapons are the space weapons that are designed to destroy satellites for military purposes.
- weapons that can attack space systems in orbit (i.e. anti-satellite weapons), attack targets on the earth from space or disable missiles travelling through space.
- 💨Anti-ship missile
An anti-ship missile (AShM) is a guided missile that is designed for use against ships and large boats. Most anti-ship missiles are of the sea skimming variety, and many use a combination of inertial guidance and active radar homing. A good number of other anti-ship missiles use infrared homing to follow the heat that is emitted by a ship; it is also possible for anti-ship missiles to be guided by radio command all the way.
- An anti-submarine missile is a standoff anti-submarine weapon.
- Anti-submarine systems it uses a jet or rocket engine, to deliver an explosive warhead aimed directly at a submarine carried from a launch ship, or other platform, to the target.
- An anti-tank guided weapon (ATGW) or anti-armor guided weapon is a guided missile primarily designed to hit and destroy heavily armored military vehicles
- ATGMs range in size from shoulder-launched weapons, which can be transported by a single soldier, to larger tripod-mounted weapons, which require a squad or team to transport and fire, to vehicle and aircraft mounted missile systems.
- Man-portable air-defense systems (MANPADS or MPADS) are portable surface-to-air missiles. They are guided weapons and are a threat to low-flying aircraft, especially helicopter
- A surface-to-air missile (SAM), also known as a ground-to-air missile (GTAM) or surface-to-air guided weapon (SAGW), is a missile designed to be launched from the ground to destroy aircraft or other missiles. It is one type of anti-aircraft system
- A surface-to-surface missile (SSM) or ground-to-ground missile (GGM) is a missile designed to be launched from the ground or the sea and strike targets on land or at sea.
- They may be fired from hand-held or vehicle mounted devices, from fixed installations, or from a ship
- A wire-guided missile is a missile that is guided by signals sent to it via thin wires connected between the missile and its guidance mechanism, which is located somewhere near the launch site
- This guidance system is most commonly used in anti-tank missiles, where its ability to be used in areas of limited line-of-sight
- The longest range wire-guided missiles in current use are limited to about 4 km
B) Cruise missiles
💨Air-launched cruise missile
- An air-launched cruise missile (ALCM) is a cruise missile that is launched from a military aircraft.
- which are used to attack predetermined land targets with conventional, nuclear or thermonuclear payloads.
💨 Ground-launched cruise missile
💨 Submarine-launched cruise missile
- Cruise missiles can fly at low altitudes to stay below enemy radar and, in some cases, hide behind terrain features
💨 Submarine-launched cruise missile
- A submarine-launched cruise missile (SLCM) is a cruise missile that is launched from a submarine
- which are used to attack predetermined land targets with conventional or nuclear payloads
C) Ballistic missiles
💨 Tactical ballistic missile
- A tactical ballistic missile (TBM) (or battlefield range ballistic missile (BRBM)) is a ballistic missile designed for short-range battlefield use. Typically, range is less than 300 kilometres
- Tactical missiles can carry heavy payloads deep behind enemy lines in comparison to rockets or gun, while having better mobility and less expense than the more strategic theatre missiles.
- Warheads can include conventional high explosive, chemical, biological, or nuclear
- A short-range ballistic missile (SRBM) is a ballistic missile with a range of about 1,000 kilometres (620 mi) or less.
- It is used because of the short distances between some countries and their relative low cost and ease of configuration.
- A theatre ballistic missile (TBM) is any ballistic missile with a range less than 3,500 kilometres (2,200 mi),[1] used against targets "in-theatre
- Its range is thus between that of tactical and intermediate-range ballistic missiles.
- medium range, this last classification depending on the standards of certain organizations.
- medium-range missile is defined by having a maximum range of between 1,000 and 3,000 kilometres
- An intermediate-range ballistic missile (IRBM) is a ballistic missile with a range of 3,000–5,500 km
- A submarine-launched ballistic missile (SLBM) is a ballistic missile capable of being launched from submarines.
- Modern variants usually deliver multiple independently targetable reentry vehicles (MIRVs) each of which carries a nuclear warhead and allows a single launched missile to strike several targets.
- An air-launched ballistic missile or ALBM is a ballistic missile launched from an aircraft.
- An ALBM allows the launch aircraft to stand off at long distances from its target, keeping it well outside the range of defensive weapons like anti-aircraft missiles and interceptor aircraft.
- The missile with range of1,850 km
💨 Intercontinental ballistic missile
- An intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM) is a guided ballistic missile with a minimum range of 5,500 kilometres
- It is designed for nuclear weapons delivery
- single missile to carry several warheads, each of which can strike a different target.
- which made them suitable for use only against the largest targets,
- It has greater range and speed than other ballistic missiles
2) On the basis of Propulsion
• Solid Propulsion: Solid fuel is used in solid propulsion. Generally, the fuel is aluminium powder. Solid propulsion has the advantage of being easily stored and can be handled in fuelled condition. It can reach very high speeds quickly. Its simplicity also makes it a good choice whenever large amount of thrust is needed.
• Liquid Propulsion: The liquid propulsion technology uses liquid as fuel. The fuels are hydrocarbons. The storage of missile with liquid fuel is difficult and complex. In addition, preparation of missile takes considerable time. In liquid propulsion, propulsion can be controlled easily by restricting the fuel flow by using valves and it can also be controlled even under emergency conditions. Basically, liquid fuel gives high specific impulse as compared to solid fuel.
• Hybrid Propulsion: There are 2 stages in hybrid propulsion solid propulsion and liquid propulsion. This kind of propulsion compensates the disadvantages of both propulsion systems and has the combined advantages of the 2 propulsion systems.
• Ramjet: A Ramjet engine does not have any turbines unlike turbojet engines. It achieves compression of intake air just by the forward speed of the air vehicle. The fuel is injected and ignited. The expansion of hot gases after fuel injection and combustion accelerates the exhaust air to a velocity higher than that at the inlet and creates positive push. However, the air entering the engine should be at supersonic speeds. So, the aerial vehicle must be moving in supersonic speeds. Ramjet engines cannot propel an aerial vehicle from zero to supersonic speeds.
• Scramjet: Scramjet is an acronym for Supersonic Combustion Ramjet. The difference between Scramjet and Ramjet is that the combustion takes place at supersonic air velocities through the engine. It is mechanically simple, but vastly more complex aerodynamically than a jet engine. Hydrogen is normally the fuel used.
• Cryogenic: Cryogenic propellants are liquefied gases stored at very low temperatures, most frequently liquid hydrogen as the fuel and liquid oxygen as the oxidizer. Cryogenic propellants require special insulated containers and vents which allow gas to escape from the evaporating liquids. The liquid fuel and oxidizer are pumped from the storage tanks to an expansion chamber and injected into the combustion chamber where they are mixed and ignited by a flame or spark. The fuel expands as it burns and the hot exhaust gases are directed out of the nozzle to provide thrust.
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