1. What are the 1st 2nd and 3rd laws of thermodynamics?
First Law
Law of Conservation of Energy or the first law of thermodynamics states that there is no creation or destruction of energy, but it can only be changed or transferred from one form to another.
The Second Law of Thermodynamics
Here in this law, it states that there is a rise in the isolated system’s entropy. It is because the systems evolve towards thermal equilibrium. It is the state where the system has maximum entropy. It means that there is a rise in the entropy of the universe, no decrease.
The Third Law of Thermodynamics
With the approaching of the temperature to absolute zero, the entropy of a system approaches a constant value as defined in the third law of thermodynamics. All the different ground states help in the determination of the entropy value.
2. What is viscosity and why is it important?
The thickness of any fluid is known as viscosity. For example, honey has higher viscosity as compared to water. There are fluids with different densities, and things can change on considering this factor. The outcome of the interaction between the different molecules in a fluid can also be termed as viscosity as the molecular level. It is also known as friction between the molecules in the fluid. It is the energy needed for the fluid flow.
This is an important parameter as it affects heat generation in cylinders, bearings and gear sets. In the case of oils, viscosity determines the resistance flow.
3. Why is heat treatment required?
The heat treatment is required for the hardened materials for improving their dimensional stability and toughness. They are usually tempered or stress relieved for obtaining enhanced mechanical properties. Examples are increased hardness or strength.
4.What is the principle of a pump?
The main principle of a pump is increasing the fluid’s pressure for providing the driving force needed for the appropriate flow. The pump used in the filter feed pump is a centrifugal pump.
5.What is the turbine and how does it work?
A turbine is a machine or a rotary mechanical device which is used for the extraction of the energy from the flowing fluid and then converting to be used into useful work. The working of the simple principle is with the help of the three propellers like blade around the rotors. These are to be connected to the main shaft which then spun the generator producing elasticity.
6.What are the compressor and types?
A compressor is a machine that is used to give rise to the pressure of a gas minimizing the volume of the gas. It is a mechanical device which works as similar to that of pumps. One of the gas compressors is an air compressor.
Types of a compressor-
- Positive Displacement
- Rotary
- Reciprocating
- Dynamic
- Centrifugal
- Axial
7. What are sleeve and cotter joint?
Sleeve and cotter joint are used for connecting two similar coaxial cylindrical rods. The name so because the joint contains sleeve and two wedge-shaped tapered cotters. Also, there has been a cut in the cylindrical rods and sleeve. The next step is cotter assembling into the slots.
8.How is the gear ratio calculated?
The gear ratio is calculated by simply dividing the teeth on the driven gear by the number of teeth on the driver gear.
9. Why is nitrogen used in welding?
Nitrogen is used in welding because it causes porosity in carbon steels and counteracts oxidation, narrows the arc. It also helps in improving weld penetration and enhance arc temperature.
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